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Pride 2021: Pauli Murray

Pauli Murray was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1910. He was assigned female at birth, and felt his gender was only understood by a few people, who, in his own words “accept me pretty much as one of nature’s experiments, a girl who should’ve been a boy, and react to me as if I were a boy”. After discovering the works of pioneering sexologists such as Magnus Hirschfeld and Havelock Ellis, Pauli began to consider taking testosterone. Unfortunately, the lack of understanding of trans people by the medical community meant that his efforts to access hormones failed.

Pauli graduated from college in 1933, one of four black students in a class of 232. After being rejected from further study at the University of North Carolina on account of his race, he became involved with the NAACP, and eventually returned to university to study law, graduating top of his class in 1944.

During his time at university Pauli pioneered a new strategy of fighting racial segregation through protesting its unconstitutionality, which would eventually be successfully used in the 1954 landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled the segregation of public schools unconstitutional.

Pauli passed the bar exam in California in 1945 and began working as a lawyer. He focused his work on fighting for civil rights and women’s rights, and wrote on intersectionality, pioneering the concept of “Jane Crow” to explain to dual oppression experienced by African-American people assigned female at birth. He also penned States’ Laws on Race and Color - a foot-thick book referred to as the Bible of civil rights legislators.

1973 Pauli’s partner Renee passed away from a brain tumour. Following this, Pauli, who had always been Episcopalian, began to study to join the priesthood -  although people assigned female at birth could not be admitted at the time. He finished his coursework in 1976, and in 1977, when people assigned female at birth were allowed to become Episcopalian priests for the first time. Pauli was ordained, becoming the first black person assigned female at birth to do so.

Pauli passed away in 1985, aged 74. His groundbreaking legal theories and ideas about intersectionality remain as important today as they were over 50 years ago.

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These exercises help you to save time, but still benefit from muscle mass. By performing combination exercises you are safely building mass in half the time of a normal workout. Combination exercises are also beneficial for increasing intensity and burning body fat through post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC).

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Best writing advice I’ve ever heard

Writer’s block is a social construct and doesn’t actually exist. If you feel blocked, it’s because you’re not writing what you truly want to be writing.

Don’t write to be good. Write to write. Get that story down onto the page even if it comes with terrible grammar and too many commas. That’s what editing is for.

If you feel bored with your writing, delete a page and start again from there. Throw something new at your characters.

'Queen of Winter' by Marjorie Miller, 1933