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Space Shuttle - Blog Posts
Anonymous asked:
What is the best about being mission control?
The Space Shuttle Challenger landed #OTD in 1983.
Here are astronauts Richard Truly & Guion Bluford of Space Transport System 8 (STS-8) grabbing some shut-eye before the wrap up of their mission. This mission had:
The first African American, Guion Bluford, to fly in space
The first night launch and landing during the Space Shuttle Program
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Celebrating Women’s Equality Day Across NASA
August 26 is celebrated in the United States as Women’s Equality Day. On this day in 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment was signed into law and American women were granted the constitutional right to vote. The suffragists who fought hard for a woman’s right to vote opened up doors for trailblazers who have helped shape our story of spaceflight, research and discovery. On Women’s Equality Day, we celebrate women at NASA who have broken barriers, challenged stereotypes and paved the way for future generations. This list is by no means exhaustive.
Rocket Girls and the Advent of the Space Age
In the earliest days of space exploration, most calculations for early space missions were done by “human computers,” and most of these computers were women. These women's calculations helped the U.S. launch its first satellite, Explorer 1. This image from 1953, five years before the launch of Explorer 1, shows some of those women on the campus of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).
These women were trailblazers at a time when most technical fields were dominated by white men. Janez Lawson (seen in this photo), was the first African American hired into a technical position at JPL. Having graduated from UCLA with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering, she later went on to have a successful career as a chemical engineer.
Katherine Johnson: A Champion for Women’s Equality
Mathematician Katherine Johnson, whose life story was told in the book and film "Hidden Figures," is 101 years old today! Coincidentally, Johnson’s birthday falls on August 26: which is appropriate, considering all the ways that she has stood for women’s equality at NASA and the country as a whole.
Johnson began her career in 1953 at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the agency that preceded NASA, one of a number of African-American women hired to work as "human computers.” Johnson became known for her training in geometry, her leadership and her inquisitive nature; she was the only woman at the time to be pulled from the computing pool to work with engineers on other programs.
Johnson was responsible for calculating the trajectory of the 1961 flight of Alan Shepard, the first American in space, as well as verifying the calculations made by electronic computers of John Glenn’s 1962 launch to orbit and the 1969 Apollo 11 trajectory to the moon. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, by President Barack Obama on Nov. 24, 2015.
JoAnn Morgan: Rocket Fuel in Her Blood
JoAnn Morgan was an engineer at Kennedy Space Center at a time when the launch room was crowded with men. In spite of working for all of the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs, and being promoted to a senior engineer, Morgan was still not permitted in the firing room at liftoff — until Apollo 11, when her supervisor advocated for her because of her superior communication skills. Because of this, Morgan was the instrumentation controller — and the only woman — in the launch room for the Apollo 11 liftoff.
Morgan’s career at NASA spanned over 45 years, and she continued to break ceiling after ceiling for women involved with the space program. She excelled in many other roles, including deputy of Expendable Launch Vehicles, director of Payload Projects Management and director of Safety and Mission Assurance. She was one of the last two people who verified the space shuttle was ready to launch and the first woman at KSC to serve in an executive position, associate director of the center.
Oceola (Ocie) Hall: An Advocate for NASA Women
Oceola Hall worked in NASA’s Office of Diversity and Equal Opportunity for over 25 years. She was NASA’s first agency-wide Federal Women’s program manager, from 1974 – 1978. Hall advanced opportunities for NASA women in science, engineering and administrative occupations. She was instrumental in initiating education programs for women, including the Simmons College Strategic Leadership for Women Program.
Hall’s outstanding leadership abilities and vast knowledge of equal employment laws culminated in her tenure as deputy associate administrator for Equal Opportunity Programs, a position she held for five years. Hall was one among the first African-American women to be appointed to the senior executive service of NASA. This photo was taken at Marshall during a Federal Women’s Week Luncheon on November 11, 1977 where Hall served as guest speaker.
Hall was known for saying, “You have to earn your wings every day.”
Sally Ride: Setting the Stage for Women in Space
The Astronaut Class of 1978, otherwise known as the “Thirty-Five New Guys,” was NASA’s first new group of astronauts since 1969. This class was notable for many reasons, including having the first African-American and first Asian-American astronauts and the first women.
Among the first women astronauts selected was Sally Ride. On June 18, 1983, Ride became the first American woman in space, when she launched with her four crewmates aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-7. On that day, Ride made history and paved the way for future explorers.
When those first six women joined the astronaut corps in 1978, they made up nearly 10 percent of the active astronaut corps. In the 40 years since that selection, NASA selected its first astronaut candidate class with equal numbers of women and men, and women now comprise 34 percent of the active astronauts at NASA.
Charlie Blackwell-Thompson: First Female Launch Director
As a part of our Artemis missions to return humans to the Moon and prepare for journeys to Mars, the Space Launch System, or SLS, rocket will carry the Orion spacecraft on an important flight test. Veteran spaceflight engineer Charlie Blackwell-Thompson will helm the launch team at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Her selection as launch director means she will be the first woman to oversee a NASA liftoff and launch team.
"A couple of firsts here all make me smile," Blackwell-Thompson said. "First launch director for the world's most powerful rocket — that's humbling. And I am honored to be the first female launch director at Kennedy Space Center. So many amazing women that have contributed to human space flight, and they blazed the trail for all of us.”
The Future of Women at NASA
In this image, NASA astronauts Anne McClain and Christina Koch pose for a portrait inside the Kibo laboratory module on the International Space Station. Both Expedition 59 flight engineers are members of NASA's 2013 class of astronauts.
As we move forward as a space agency, embarking on future missions to the Moon, Mars and beyond, we reflect on the women who blazed the trail and broke glass ceilings. Without their perseverance and determination, we would not be where we are today.
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3 … 2 … 1… ALOHA!
Sometimes in space, you have to set your clocks to island time and gather for a good Hawaiian shirt day. In this 2001 #TBT, Expedition Two and STS-100 crew members gather for a group photo with a pre-set digital still camera.
Clockwise from the 12 o'clock point in the circle are Kent V. Rominger, Yuri V. Lonchakov, Yury V. Usachev, Umberto Guidoni, James S. Voss, Jeffrey S. Ashby, Scott E. Parazynski, John L. Phillips and Chris A. Hadfield, with Susan J. Helms at center. Usachev, Helms and Voss are members of three Expedition Two crew, with the other seven serving as the STS-100 crew on the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Usachev and Lonchakov represent Rosaviakosmos; Guidoni is associated with the European Space Agency (ESA); and Hadfield is from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).
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The Final Voyage
The MEDS journeyed to space with Atlantis for one last time.
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Space Shuttle Multi-function Electronic Display System
The Multi-function Electronic Display System (MEDS) upgrade replaces many of the obsolete electromechanical gauges and all four CRTs with color LCDs, thereby improving the reliability and maintenance requirements of the original screens and instruments.
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Shuttle Mission STS-101
Atlantis was the first shuttle to fly with a glass cockpit during STS-101 mission.
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Space Shuttle Glass Cockpit
NASA upgraded the Space Shuttle’s cockpit to a glass cockpit or Multi-function Electronic Display System during a 10-month major overhaul in 1998.
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Okay then... how about we look at the lesser-known USA-first achievements, then?
First superheavy launch vehicle that worked and didn't blow up (Saturn V).
First reusable piloted spacecraft and the first spaceplane (X-15).
First pilot-controlled space flight (Freedom 7)
First orbital human space mission that landed with pilot still in spacecraft and thus the first complete human spaceflight by FAI definitions (Friendship 7)
First rendezvous and docking in orbit (Gemini 8 - Agena Target Vehicle)
First successful orbit of different planets (Pioneer 10 mission).
First solar orbit (Pioneer 5).
First and second and third interstellar craft (Voyager 1, Voyager 2, New Horizons).
First manned maneuvering unit (Gemini 4)
First multi person multi spacecraft mission in space (Gemini 6).
First orbital vector adjustment to pinpoint precision (Gemini 6)
First spy satellite (Corona KH-1)
First successful recovery of film from an orbiting satellite (KH-1 film return bucket)
First aerial recovery of an object returning from Earth orbit (KH-1 film return bucket)
First pinpoint landing on the Moon (Surveyor 1).
First manned orbit of the Moon (Apollo 8).
First human-crewed spaceflight to, and orbit of, another celestial object: the Moon (Apollo 11)
First rover on Mars (Sojourner)
First spacecraft to orbit Mars (Mariner 9).
First reusable orbital-class spaceplane (Space Shuttle).
First solar powered satellite (Vanguard-1)
First communications satellite (Echo 1, Telstar)
First weather satellite (TIROS)
First satellite in a polar orbit (Discoverer 1)
First geosynchronous satellite (Syncom 2)
First satellite navigation system (Transit)
First Mars flyby (Mariner 4)
First human spaceflight that escaped Earth's influence (Apollo 8)
First X-ray orbital observatory (the Einstein Observatory)
First Jupiter flyby (Pioneer 10)
First Mercury Flyby (Mariner 10)
the space race may be the funniest point in history period and i'll stand by that. the US is like "yes whoever gets into space first will prove once and for all that our economic model is superior and that we are, in general, the superior country of superior and smarter people." then the soviets just went and did it and the US freaked out and needed to cover their ass so were like "WE MEAN THE MOON, WE MEAN THE FIRST TO LAND ON THE MOON."
To the Space Base.
Or even Space Hotel (for 400 inhabitants).
An interesting proposal for a double-decker 74-passenger space shuttle module. Where exactly where all those people going?
What do you get when you combine a doctor, engineer & astronaut? Mae Carol Jemison! Dr. Jemison flew on Space Shuttle Endeavour in Sept 1992 to become the 1st African-American woman in space. The 7-day, 22-hour flight was the 50th Shuttle mission & had a focus on conducting microgravity investigations in materials & life sciences. Dr. Jemison also holds an amazing 9 doctorates; don’t know how that’s humanly possible; getting my BA was tough enough!
2 epic to bee real.
The Swan Space Shuttle Concept - Christian Grajewski
Let History Never Forget the Name Enterprise
Just as the captains of the fictional 24th century Starfleet blazed a trail among the stars, the space shuttle Enterprise helped pave the way for future space exploration.
Fifty years ago, Star Trek debuted with the USS Enterprise as the main space-faring vessel used in much of the Star Trek universe. As such, the vessel holds a treasured place in the hearts of Star Trek fans and is as much of a character in the show as Kirk and Spock. Over three different series and a total of 14 seasons on TV and 13 feature films, the iterations of Enterprise have captured the imaginations and provided inspiration for its fans across the globe.
This brief history of the shuttle tells the tale of humanity’s first reusable spacecraft. Space shuttles were first built in the late 1970s and were flown in space from 1981 to 2011. Their missions ranged from helping to build the International Space Station to repairing the Hubble Space Telescope.
It’s All In The Name
The first shuttle was originally to be named Constitution, celebrating the country’s bicentennial and was to be unveiled to the public on Constitution Day, Sept. 17, 1976. However, a massive letter-writing campaign by Star Trek fans prompted President Gerald Ford to suggest the change. In the above photo, we see the shuttle Enterprise rolled out in Palmdale, California, with cast members of Star Trek on Sept. 17, 1976.
To Boldly Go …
This circular red, white and blue emblem was the official insignia for the Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Test flights and became a model for future space shuttle mission patch designs, including placing the names of the crew on the patch . The four astronauts listed on the patch are:
Fred Haise., commander of the first crew
Charles Fullerton, pilot of the first crew
Joe Engle, commander of the second crew
Dick Truly, pilot of the second crew
First Impressions
In this image, Enterprise makes its first appearance mated to its boosters as it is slowly rolled to the huge Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) at Kennedy Space Center. Although she never flew in space, shuttle Enterprise underwent a series of fit and function checks on the pad in preparation for the first launch of its sister craft, Columbia.
Not Meant To Be
Enterprise sits on Launch Complex 39 at Kennedy Space Center undergoing tests after completing its 3.5 mile journey from the VAB. Have you ever wondered why Enterprise never went into space? Converting Enterprise from a training vehicle to space-worthy one was too cost prohibitive, our engineers felt.
Engage
Commander Fred Haise and pilot Charles Fullerton are seen in the cockpit of Enterprise prior to the fifth and final Approach and Landing Test at Dryden Flight Research Center (Armstrong Flight Research Center). The tests were performed to learn about the landing characteristics of the shuttle.
It’s Been An Honor To Serve With You
The Enterprise’s two crews pose for a photo op at the Rockwell International Space Division’s Orbiter assembly facility at Palmdale, California. They are (left to right) Charles Fullerton, Fred Haise, Joe Engle and Dick Truly.
Fair Winds And Following Seas
On July 6, 2012, the Enterprise, atop a barge, passes the Statue of Liberty on its way to the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum, where is now permanently on display.
Learn more about Star Trek and NASA.
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Perché non siamo più tornati sulla luna?
Anni 60. Sembrava una corsa inarrestabile quella verso lo spazio.
Il programma Apollo realizzò il sogno americano di portare l'uomo sulla luna prima dei sovietici, dopo le sconfitte subite da questi ultimi, prima nel ‘57 con il primo satellite Sputnik fino al ‘61 con il primo viaggio spaziale di Yuri Gagarin. Un sogno durato 3 anni, 6 missioni e 12 astronauti. Una promessa mantenuta, quella del presidente John F. Kennedy, che prevedeva la conquista del satellite terrestre entro la fine di quel decennio.
Le tecnologie aerospaziali sono migliorate esponenzialmente da quei tempi, allora perchè non si torna più sulla luna?
Parte della popolazione crede che, in realtà, nessun uomo ci sia mai stato, un'ipotesi diffusa anche sul grande schermo, da un film del '78 di Peter Hyams, Capricorn One, che racconta di una falsa missione su Marte organizzata dalla Nasa per non vedersi cancellati i finanziamenti del governo, e da un popolare libro del fotografo francese Philippe Lheureux, pubblicato nel 2001, dal titolo Lumières sur la Lune. Idee che sono state smentite più volte, grazie anche alle sonde come la Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter che ha recentemente inviato foto che mostrano i resti dei moduli di atterraggio, le strumentazioni e i percorsi effettuati dagli astronauti.
(Ebbene sì, ci sono ancora le impronte! Niente atmosfera = niente vento)
Il problema principale è di natura economica: i fondi destinati alla NASA sono diminuiti, di conseguenza bisogna saperli gestire bene, specialmente se si hanno necessità esplorative e di sperimentazioni, con nuove missioni, tra cui quella di portare un uomo su un asteroide entro il 2025 e la conquista di Marte entro il 2030. Il programma Apollo costò circa 24 miliardi di dollari del tempo, vi lavorarono oltre 400.000 persone. Per ogni missione vi era un solo lancio del Saturn V, mentre oggi servirebbero due lanci SLS, uno per il lander ed uno per l’Orion, a distanza di sei mesi l’uno dall’altro, entrambi dotati di uno stadio propulsivo criogenico (CPS); quest’ultimo serve per portare i moduli dall’orbita terrestre (LEO) a quella lunare (LLO). Come in passato, il lander sarebbe diviso in una parte inferiore (modulo di discesa) ed una superiore (modulo di risalita); quest’ultima ospiterebbe tutto l’equipaggiamento, le forniture ed i consumabili per l’equipaggio, nonchè sportelli adatti al passaggio delle tute “block 2 EVA Deep Space Suit”. Al termine del soggiorno lunare, l’equipaggio ripartirebbe verso l’Orion, che ha sufficiente delta-V per ricongiungersi al modulo di risalita in qualsiasi momento, anche se un rientro non nominale potrebbe imporre una permanenza in orbita lunare in attesa di una finestra favorevole alla traiettoria di rientro verso la Terra. Ad ogni modo, il costo del veicolo di discesa sarebbe, da solo, di svariati miliardi di dollari, da sommare agli svariati miliardi per i lanci SLS e tutto il resto, rendendo una missione lunare assai poco probabile.
Oltre al fattore economico, le agenzie spaziali cercano di preservare le preziosissime risorse umane che hanno. Una missione lunare, anche se potrebbe sembrare molto più semplice rispetto ad una marziana, ha comunque le sue insidie. Insidie che negli anni ‘60, anche se le strumentazioni non lo permettevano quanto oggi, venivano superate con un entusiasmo da “prima volta”, nonostante i vari incidenti di percorso - vedi quello del ‘67, verificatosi durante un addestramento terrestre, nel quale persero la vita i tre astronauti destinati alle prime missioni lunari, rimandate poi alla fine del ‘68, o quello sfiorato con l’Apollo 13 nel ‘70.
L’ultima speranza di rivedere un uomo sulla luna si potrebbe avere dal fronte russo: si vocifera che, dal 2024, la Russia sospenderà i finanziamenti per la stazione spaziale ISS, e che tra il 2029 e il 2030 verrà finalmente realizzato il sogno di qualche cosmonauta di passeggiare su un corpo celeste!
Tilt-shift photo of the space shuttle Endeavour by NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/flyout/multimedia/endeavour/11-05-16-2.html
Space Shuttle Discovery at Cape Canaveral, March 2009.